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◉ Science·2 min·Updated Mar 14, 2026

What is Titration?

Titration

Quick Answer

Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of a solution by adding a reactant of known concentration until a reaction is complete. This process helps chemists understand how much of a substance is present in a sample.

Overview

Titration is a method in chemistry that allows scientists to find out how much of a certain chemical is in a solution. It works by slowly adding a solution with a known concentration to the solution being tested until the reaction reaches a point where it is complete, often indicated by a color change. This point is called the equivalence point, and it helps determine the exact amount of the substance in the original solution. During a titration, a solution known as the titrant is added from a burette to the analyte, which is the solution being tested. The process involves careful measurement and observation to ensure accuracy. For example, in a common titration involving vinegar, a base like sodium hydroxide is added until the solution neutralizes, allowing the chemist to calculate the acetic acid concentration in the vinegar. Understanding titration is essential in many fields, including medicine, environmental science, and food production. It helps ensure that products are safe and effective, such as determining the acidity of food items or the concentration of pollutants in water. By mastering titration, chemists can perform critical analyses that impact health and safety.

Frequently Asked Questions

Titration typically requires a burette to hold the titrant, a flask for the analyte, and a pipette for measuring liquids. Additionally, indicators may be used to signal the end of the reaction.
The completion of a titration is usually indicated by a color change in the solution, which occurs when the titrant has completely reacted with the analyte. This point is known as the endpoint, and it is very close to the equivalence point.
While titration is a versatile technique, it is most effective for solutions that react in a clear and measurable way. Some mixtures may not show a distinct endpoint or may require special conditions for accurate results.