What is TB (Tuberculosis)?
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, making it a significant public health concern worldwide.
Overview
Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. When someone with active TB coughs, sneezes, or talks, tiny droplets containing the bacteria are released into the air. If another person inhales these droplets, they can become infected, although not everyone who is infected will develop active TB. The disease can remain dormant in the body for years without causing symptoms, which is known as latent TB. However, if the immune system becomes weak, the bacteria can become active, leading to serious health issues. For instance, a person with compromised immunity due to HIV is at a higher risk of developing active TB, showcasing how interconnected health issues can be. TB is a major global health challenge, especially in low-income countries where healthcare resources may be limited. Public health initiatives aim to control and prevent the spread of TB through early detection, treatment, and vaccination programs. Effective management of TB not only improves individual health but also protects communities by reducing transmission rates.