HomeEnvironment & EnergyFossil FuelsWhat is Coal?
Environment & Energy·2 min·Updated Mar 16, 2026

What is Coal?

Coal

Quick Answer

A natural black or brownish-black rock, coal is formed from decayed plant material that has been subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. It is primarily used as a fuel source for electricity generation and in various industrial processes.

Overview

Coal is a type of fossil fuel that forms from the remains of ancient plants buried under layers of soil and rock. Over time, heat and pressure transform these remains into coal, which can vary in type and quality. The most common types of coal include anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite, each with different properties and uses. When burned, coal releases energy in the form of heat, which can be used to produce steam that drives turbines for electricity generation. For example, many power plants around the world still rely on coal as a primary energy source, despite the growing shift towards renewable energy. This reliance on coal has significant environmental implications, including air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding coal is important because it plays a major role in the global energy landscape. While it has been a key driver of industrial development, the environmental consequences of coal extraction and combustion are leading to debates about its future. As countries seek to reduce carbon emissions, the transition away from coal to cleaner energy sources is becoming a critical issue.


Frequently Asked Questions

Coal mining and burning can lead to significant environmental damage, including air and water pollution. The combustion of coal releases carbon dioxide and other harmful pollutants, contributing to climate change and health problems.
Coal is extracted through two main methods: surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining involves removing the overburden to access coal seams, while underground mining requires digging tunnels to reach deeper coal deposits.
Yes, coal is still widely used today, especially in electricity generation and industrial processes. However, many countries are working to reduce their dependence on coal in favor of cleaner energy alternatives.